-Our Stem Class has just finished a huge project on how to make an efficient building for our school that uses daylighting techniques to eliminate unnecessary energy use.
-Requirements for this website update
a. Earth's Layers
b. Your model of orbits
c. Solar angles and how they change during different times of year/day
d. Atomic structure (subatomic particles)
e. Daylighting Design model
f. Justification document - why would we want to reduce the amount of electricity we use and how is electricity produced (we did this together and it's posted on Google classroom)
f. Your Science building design including all of the above information, plus materials, etc.
a. Earth's Layers
b. Your model of orbits
c. Solar angles and how they change during different times of year/day
d. Atomic structure (subatomic particles)
e. Daylighting Design model
f. Justification document - why would we want to reduce the amount of electricity we use and how is electricity produced (we did this together and it's posted on Google classroom)
f. Your Science building design including all of the above information, plus materials, etc.
Evidence of work-
Here is our presentation-https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1DvUOpDceE5YXvnZZBt9mklron6XYmP5o2H0k2OfrWhY/edit#slide=id.p
Here is our presentation-https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1DvUOpDceE5YXvnZZBt9mklron6XYmP5o2H0k2OfrWhY/edit#slide=id.p
With this project we made a design for the new San Marin science building. our design has teen classrooms 2 bathrooms, and one teacher prep room with storage space. we also have a hallway with room for a class to be taught. The roof even has a nice garden area. Our building will have 94 windows that are various sizes and various types like clearstory, skylights or, regular. Our walls are milk white and 1 foot thick to keep a balanced temperature to fit comfort. A lot of the materials we used were used in the rest of the schools classroom so the building will still feel like home like were used to
. Sheetrock: Sheetrock will be used on our walls to be easily painted
Aluminum doors: Used because they are like the doors on campus
Concrete foundation: Used to support the entire building
Outside Vinyl: Used to seal the outside from weather and noise
Soundproof ceiling panels: Allow direct sunlight without the distractions of outside noise
Linoleum floor tiles: Laid down for the surface on the floor
. Sheetrock: Sheetrock will be used on our walls to be easily painted
Aluminum doors: Used because they are like the doors on campus
Concrete foundation: Used to support the entire building
Outside Vinyl: Used to seal the outside from weather and noise
Soundproof ceiling panels: Allow direct sunlight without the distractions of outside noise
Linoleum floor tiles: Laid down for the surface on the floor
Reflection
With this project I helped on the design, presentation, and blueprints. My help was focused on design more than any other elements of the project. I created the roof design partly with its industrial looking sloped top. I also helped with the counter tops inside every room taking up easily 20% of the rooms area. For the roof design I just winged it on a design I thought would be cool. I also considered the other buildings and how the rain could just get trapped on top and flood the roof. I really didn't want that to happen so I mad the to sloped so the water would slide down. We presented to a panel of experienced architects who are actually designing the new science building. We were able to get their feedback and comments. Some of the windows were a little big so in the future we will know glass cant be made that big.
Our project was to build a building in a model form, have a list of materials that would be important for the building reasons for why we choose the materials, visibility/usability, lighting components, key components of why our building would stand out from the rest, and finally aesthetic features like outdoor areas or just parts that make the design look pleasant. In our presentation we went over each of these important factors in full detail. I was most proud of our groups Tinkercad model that looked quite professional.
Our project was to build a building in a model form, have a list of materials that would be important for the building reasons for why we choose the materials, visibility/usability, lighting components, key components of why our building would stand out from the rest, and finally aesthetic features like outdoor areas or just parts that make the design look pleasant. In our presentation we went over each of these important factors in full detail. I was most proud of our groups Tinkercad model that looked quite professional.
Earth Layers
The earth has only four layers. The layers are the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core. The crust is 22 miles thicc. The mantle is 1802 miles thick. The outer core is 1430 miles thicc and is liquid. Finally the inner core is 745 miles and is solid like the crust and mantel.
An earthquake is a shaking of the tectonic plates in the earth measured with a seismograph. There are P-waves which are the primary waves that travel at fast speeds through the earth (liquids included). Then there are secondary waves are called S-waves and they cannot travel through liquids. Earthquakes are measured using the Richter scale which gets larger as the earthquakes strength increase.
An earthquake is a shaking of the tectonic plates in the earth measured with a seismograph. There are P-waves which are the primary waves that travel at fast speeds through the earth (liquids included). Then there are secondary waves are called S-waves and they cannot travel through liquids. Earthquakes are measured using the Richter scale which gets larger as the earthquakes strength increase.
Model of Orbits
Our model showed orbital velocity of planets with the standard equation for velocity V=D/T. We had to find the orbital velocity for a newly discovered planet X with only two variables.
We were given the orbital period of planet X (T) and the distance (D) it travels in one orbit (the circumference of the orbit). We used that data to find the orbital velocity of planet X to be 0.00318 m/s (which also happens to be the date I'm completing this website update) compared to the earth's orbital velocity of 29.8 m/s. It is really slow.
We were given the orbital period of planet X (T) and the distance (D) it travels in one orbit (the circumference of the orbit). We used that data to find the orbital velocity of planet X to be 0.00318 m/s (which also happens to be the date I'm completing this website update) compared to the earth's orbital velocity of 29.8 m/s. It is really slow.
Solar Angles
The angle of the sunlight depends on what time of the day it is. Its also dependent on the time of the year, because of the rotation of the planet on an axis. The Earth tilts at an angle, so during the summer, the Northern Hemisphere receives more sunlight, and the Southern Hemisphere receives less sunlight. During the winter, it is the inverse. So in the winter, at noon, the sun is at a smaller angel in the sky, and in the summer at noon, the sun is at a larger angle. In the morning, the Sun is in the east, and in the evening, the sun is in the west.
Atomic Structure
Molecules are made out of 2 or more atoms bonded together. Some examples are H2O, CO2. Two hydrogen molecules and two oxygen molecules. The gold foil experiment was conducted by three scientist named Ernest Rutherford, Hans Geiger, and Ernest Marsden. It proved that the atom has a very small dense center named the nucleus. The protons and neutrons are creating the nucleus whilst the electrons are around the nucleus.
Heat is a very good example of a form of energy. It is due to molecules vibrating. Radiation is heat transferred through space as a wave. Conduction is heat transfer through a solid and convection is heat circulation within a fluid. Electrons move in really obscure formations. Majority of atoms are empty space. Neutrons determine the isotope of the element.
Heat is a very good example of a form of energy. It is due to molecules vibrating. Radiation is heat transferred through space as a wave. Conduction is heat transfer through a solid and convection is heat circulation within a fluid. Electrons move in really obscure formations. Majority of atoms are empty space. Neutrons determine the isotope of the element.
Daylighting Design Model
Each group in the class created a scale model of a house with daylighting techniques, in order to test the effectiveness of several daylighting techniques. We made the houses out of cardboard tape and hot glue. Our house had 6 rooms with hallway. We tested windows, clerestory windows, solar tubes, skylights, and light shelves. We found sky lights to be the most effective with 50% to 40% brightness in the evening and at night. We tested all the rooms by holding up a flashlight where the sun would be in the evening, night, and noon. Personally I like skylights more as a daylighting technique because it seems unique to have them. I feel Like we should have tested a solar tube in our design because it looks interesting.
Justification Document
Energy Justification Document - 6th/7th period, 2018 I am really sorry I don't know how to put a document in weebly
Energy Source
How does it work?
Pros
Cons
Solar Power
A solar panel works by allowing photons, or particles of light, to knock electrons free from atoms, generating a flow of electricity. Solar panels actually comprise many, smaller units called photovoltaic cells. Metal conductive plates on the sides of the cell collect the electrons and transfer them to wires. At that point, the electrons can flow like any other source of electricity.
Wind Power
Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power.This is done by using a large wind turbine usually consisting of propellers; the turbine can be connected to a generator to generate electricity, or the wind used as mechanical power to perform tasks such as pumping water or grinding grain. As the wind passes the turbines it moves the blades, which spins the shaft.
Hydro Power
“Hydropower plants capture the energy of falling water to generate electricity. A turbine converts the kinetic energy of falling water into mechanical energy. Then a generator converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy.” -Wisconsin Valley Improvement Company
-The most used renewable energy source in the world
-Reliable
-Safe
- Low cost of maintenance and operation
- Can last 50-100 years, due to the fact that they are built for long-term use
-Can help remote areas grow economically
Recreation
-Environmental consequences
-Expensive Initial Cost
-May lead to Droughts
-Limited Reservoirs
-Carbon dioxide and methane emission
- Risk of floods and relocation due to strong water currents released from the dam
-Ecosystem damage due to interruptions of natural water flow, and draining of water
- Risk of dam failure due to high levels of water, natural disasters, or construction errors
Disrupts recreation
Biomass/Biofuel
Group 2
“Biofuels are combustive fuels made from recently harvested plants. They work much like fossil fuels: they burn when ignited, releasing energy that can be converted to motion in a car, or heat for a house. Biofuel can be sourced from a number of different crops, as well as excess plant matter from other industries.”
Heat boils water to create steam, steam and heat rises pushing on a turbine, creating a current and electricity.
Link=https://www.triplepundit.com/special/energy-options-pros-and-cons/algae-based-biofuel-pros-cons/
Geothermal Energy
Group 3
Geothermal energy is the heat from the Earth. It's clean and sustainable. Resources of geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the Earth's surface, and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma.
Heat boils water to create steam, steam and heat rises pushing on a turbine, creating a current and electricity.
Oil/Petroleum (fossil fuel)
Group 3
Oil sits underground in reservoirs, and is burned to create energy. There are three main ways that it is converted into energy. Conventional steam - Oil is burned to heat water to create steam to generate electricity.
Combustion turbine - Oil is burned under pressure to produce gases which spin a turbine to generate electricity.
Combined-cycle technology - a combination of the first two
Natural Gas (fossil fuel )
Natural gas is burned in a boiler in order to heat water and produce steam which is used to turn a turbine and generate electricity
https://www.google.com/search?safe=strict&rlz=1CADEAC_enUS784&ei=q2eDWoyyOtKGjwOn36joDA&q=how+does+natural+gas+make+energy hq=how+does+natural+gas+make+energy&gs_l=psy-ab.3..0j0i22i30k1.1203.5909.0.6269.21.17.2.0.0.0.275.1948.8j8j1.17.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..2.19.1966...0i67k1j33i22i29i30k1.0.iDjGphAVDnA
Coal (fossil fuel)
In a coal-fired steam station, the steps are that heat is created, the water is turned into steam, the steam turns into turbine generators which produces electricity.
https://www.duke-energy.com/energy-education/how...works/electricity-from-coal
https://www.triplepundit.com/special/energy-options-pros-and-cons/clean-coal-pros-cons/
Nuclear power/ Uranium
Nuclear power plants obtain the heat needed to produce steam through a physical process. This process, called fission, entails the splitting of atoms of uranium in a nuclear reactor. The uranium fuel consists of small, hard ceramic pellets that are packaged into long, vertical tubes. Bundles of this fuel are inserted into the reactor. This steam is used to spin a turbine which uses motion to create energy.
Why build a house without electricity?
The average spent on electricity per person in hawaii is 32.2 cents per kilowatt hour. Idaho only spends 8 cents per kilowatt hour.
Americans spend 3020$ per year on electricity
State
Average Rate:
November 2017
Average Rate:
November 2016
% up/down
% of U.S. avg.
Rank
Alabama
12.54
12.24
2.5%
92%
29
Alaska
21.90
20.90
4.8%
161%
50
Arizona
12.26
11.60
5.7%
90%
30
Arkansas
10.28
10.11
1.7%
76%
5
California
18.77
17.93
4.7%
138%
45
Colorado
12.02
12.27
2.0%
88%
22
Connecticut
20.70
19.76
4.8%
152%
49
DC
14.00
12.93
7.0%
103%
37
Delaware
13.81
13.83
0.1%
101%
36
Florida
12.47
11.08
12.5%
92%
26
Georgia
10.99
11.00
0.1%
81%
13
Hawaii
30.58
28.48
7.4%
225%
51
Idaho
10.08
10.02
0.6%
74%
4
Illinois
13.47
13.14
2.5%
99%
35
Indiana
12.38
12.83
3.5%
91%
25
Iowa
12.03
11.63
3.4%
88%
23
Kansas
13.37
13.29
0.6%
98%
34
Kentucky
10.97
11.23
2.3%
81%
12
Louisiana
9.29
9.38
1.0%
68%
1
Maine
16.05
16.21
1.0%
118%
42
Maryland
13.35
14.31
6.7%
98%
33
Massachusetts
19.36
19.14
1.1%
142%
46
Michigan
15.24
15.37
0.8%
112%
40
Minnesota
12.92
13.07
1.1%
95%
32
Mississippi
11.44
10.96
4.4%
84%
18
Missouri
10.46
11.14
6.1%
77%
6
Montana
11.05
10.95
0.9%
81%
15
Nebraska
10.53
10.7
1.6%
77%
8
Nevada
12.89
11.79
9.3%
95%
31
New Hampshire
19.88
19.05
4.4%
146%
47
New Jersey
15.34
15.26
0.5%
113%
41
New Mexico
12.48
11.98
4.2%
92%
27
New York
17.81
17.73
0.5%
131%
43
North Carolina
11.02
11.11
0.8%
81%
14
North Dakota
9.69
10.26
5.6%
71%
2
Ohio
12.49
12.42
0.6%
92%
28
Oklahoma
10.76
9.54
12.8%
79%
10
Oregon
10.70
10.76
0.6%
79%
9
Pennsylvania
14.50
14.14
2.5%
107%
39
Rhode Island
20.48
18.14
12.9%
150%
48
South Carolina
12.70
12.75
0.4%
93%
30
South Dakota
11.60
11.74
1.2%
85%
19
Tennessee
10.87
11.05
1.6%
80%
11
Texas
11.40
11.10
2.7%
84%
17
Utah
10.52
10.67
1.4%
77%
7
Vermont
17.87
17.88
0.1%
131%
44
Virginia
11.67
11.45
1.9%
86%
20
Washington
9.73
9.60
1.4%
71%
3
West Virginia
11.67
11.73
0.5%
86%
20
Wisconsin
14.47
14.07
2.8%
106%
38
Wyoming
11.16
11.26
0.9%
82%
16
https://climate.nasa.gov/effects/
Energy Source
How does it work?
Pros
Cons
Solar Power
A solar panel works by allowing photons, or particles of light, to knock electrons free from atoms, generating a flow of electricity. Solar panels actually comprise many, smaller units called photovoltaic cells. Metal conductive plates on the sides of the cell collect the electrons and transfer them to wires. At that point, the electrons can flow like any other source of electricity.
- Clean alternative to fossil fuels
- Free after installation besides maintenance
- Unlimited energy as long as sun exists
- Available to all corners of the globe
- Becoming cheaper by the day
- Only generated while sun shines
- Expensive building cost
- Amount of space it takes up
- Rare materials for production
Wind Power
Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power.This is done by using a large wind turbine usually consisting of propellers; the turbine can be connected to a generator to generate electricity, or the wind used as mechanical power to perform tasks such as pumping water or grinding grain. As the wind passes the turbines it moves the blades, which spins the shaft.
- Good for the environment
- Renewable
- Cost effective
- Profit for landowners
- Use of modern technology
- Huge potential/ growth rates
- Low costs
- Abundant domestic supply
- Power is free
- Can be used almost anywhere
- Deadly/harmful to birds
- Wind is unpredictable and cannot be controlled
- Not cheap like other energy sources
- Take the beauty out of the landscape
- Turbines can be quite loud
- Impact on local weather and temperatures
Hydro Power
“Hydropower plants capture the energy of falling water to generate electricity. A turbine converts the kinetic energy of falling water into mechanical energy. Then a generator converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy.” -Wisconsin Valley Improvement Company
-The most used renewable energy source in the world
-Reliable
-Safe
- Low cost of maintenance and operation
- Can last 50-100 years, due to the fact that they are built for long-term use
-Can help remote areas grow economically
Recreation
-Environmental consequences
-Expensive Initial Cost
-May lead to Droughts
-Limited Reservoirs
-Carbon dioxide and methane emission
- Risk of floods and relocation due to strong water currents released from the dam
-Ecosystem damage due to interruptions of natural water flow, and draining of water
- Risk of dam failure due to high levels of water, natural disasters, or construction errors
Disrupts recreation
Biomass/Biofuel
Group 2
“Biofuels are combustive fuels made from recently harvested plants. They work much like fossil fuels: they burn when ignited, releasing energy that can be converted to motion in a car, or heat for a house. Biofuel can be sourced from a number of different crops, as well as excess plant matter from other industries.”
Heat boils water to create steam, steam and heat rises pushing on a turbine, creating a current and electricity.
- Bio-based fuel with essentially carbon neutral combustion
- Drop in replacement for petroleum-based liquid fuels
- Inherently renewable
- Absorbs carbon dioxide as it grows
- Both waste CO2 and wastewater can be used as nutrients
- Higher energy per-acre than other biofuels
- Need to be grown under controlled temperature conditions
- Requires a considerable amount of land and water
- Cold flow issues with algal biofuel
- Fertilizer production is carbon dependent
- Relatively high upfront capital costs
- Not clear yet what the ultimate cost per gallon will be. Presently too high.
Link=https://www.triplepundit.com/special/energy-options-pros-and-cons/algae-based-biofuel-pros-cons/
Geothermal Energy
Group 3
Geothermal energy is the heat from the Earth. It's clean and sustainable. Resources of geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the Earth's surface, and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma.
Heat boils water to create steam, steam and heat rises pushing on a turbine, creating a current and electricity.
- Energy efficient
- Earth-friendly
- Renewable
- Takes up less space, partially underground
- Reliable
- Free after upfront payment
- Bad for earthquakes
- Expensive upfront prices
- Needs a certain location
- If not properly managed, the reservoirs can break down
Oil/Petroleum (fossil fuel)
Group 3
Oil sits underground in reservoirs, and is burned to create energy. There are three main ways that it is converted into energy. Conventional steam - Oil is burned to heat water to create steam to generate electricity.
Combustion turbine - Oil is burned under pressure to produce gases which spin a turbine to generate electricity.
Combined-cycle technology - a combination of the first two
- it is easy to extract
- Has a high density
- Can be extracted at a low cost
- Easily transported
- Can power up almost all types of vehicles
- Crucial element in industries
- Broad areas for application
- Support constant power use
- It is powerful source of energy
- Limited resource
- Pollution
- Non-renewable
- Can cause oil spills
- Internationally found (can cause conflict)
Natural Gas (fossil fuel )
Natural gas is burned in a boiler in order to heat water and produce steam which is used to turn a turbine and generate electricity
https://www.google.com/search?safe=strict&rlz=1CADEAC_enUS784&ei=q2eDWoyyOtKGjwOn36joDA&q=how+does+natural+gas+make+energy hq=how+does+natural+gas+make+energy&gs_l=psy-ab.3..0j0i22i30k1.1203.5909.0.6269.21.17.2.0.0.0.275.1948.8j8j1.17.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..2.19.1966...0i67k1j33i22i29i30k1.0.iDjGphAVDnA
- Produces less pollution than other gaseous forms
- Cheap
- Easy to Transport
- Found in US
- Highly flammable
- Greenhouse gas
- Non-renewable resource
- Leaks have huge consequences
- Fracking (hydraulic fracturing)
Coal (fossil fuel)
In a coal-fired steam station, the steps are that heat is created, the water is turned into steam, the steam turns into turbine generators which produces electricity.
https://www.duke-energy.com/energy-education/how...works/electricity-from-coal
- Most widely fueled in power plants
- Affordable
- Easy to burn
- Reliable energy source
- Non-renewable
- Damages environment around coal mines
- High cost transportation
- Releases a lot of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
https://www.triplepundit.com/special/energy-options-pros-and-cons/clean-coal-pros-cons/
Nuclear power/ Uranium
Nuclear power plants obtain the heat needed to produce steam through a physical process. This process, called fission, entails the splitting of atoms of uranium in a nuclear reactor. The uranium fuel consists of small, hard ceramic pellets that are packaged into long, vertical tubes. Bundles of this fuel are inserted into the reactor. This steam is used to spin a turbine which uses motion to create energy.
- Clean Energy Source
- Energy Efficient
- Low cost to run
- More proficient than other energy sources
- Nuclear Waste
- People can be affected in the event of a meltdown or plant failure
- Limited uranium resources
- Japan Crisis
- High cost to create
- Non- renewable
Why build a house without electricity?
- How much energy do humans use? In what
- In Marin County 75% of its energy comes from renewable sources(solar,wind,hydroelectric,geothermal)
- Much higher than CA goal to get to 33% by 2020
- Global electricity consumption average can be as high as 3,500 kWh/year.
- household size and electrification rates are the reasons China and India are so low.
- Oil is still the most used source of energy, however, coal and natural gases are being used more. That being said, the amount of nuclear and renewable energy has remained relatively low.
- https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/en/corporate/pdf/energy-economics/statistical-review-2017/bp-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2017-full-report.pdf
- http://shrinkthatfootprint.com/average-household-electricity-consumption
- https://venturebeat.com/2010/08/03/how-marin-county-gets-75-percent-of-its-power-from-renewables/
- Cost/Economics of electricity: How much money is spent on electricity generation? In different parts of the country? In other countries?
The average spent on electricity per person in hawaii is 32.2 cents per kilowatt hour. Idaho only spends 8 cents per kilowatt hour.
Americans spend 3020$ per year on electricity
State
Average Rate:
November 2017
Average Rate:
November 2016
% up/down
% of U.S. avg.
Rank
Alabama
12.54
12.24
2.5%
92%
29
Alaska
21.90
20.90
4.8%
161%
50
Arizona
12.26
11.60
5.7%
90%
30
Arkansas
10.28
10.11
1.7%
76%
5
California
18.77
17.93
4.7%
138%
45
Colorado
12.02
12.27
2.0%
88%
22
Connecticut
20.70
19.76
4.8%
152%
49
DC
14.00
12.93
7.0%
103%
37
Delaware
13.81
13.83
0.1%
101%
36
Florida
12.47
11.08
12.5%
92%
26
Georgia
10.99
11.00
0.1%
81%
13
Hawaii
30.58
28.48
7.4%
225%
51
Idaho
10.08
10.02
0.6%
74%
4
Illinois
13.47
13.14
2.5%
99%
35
Indiana
12.38
12.83
3.5%
91%
25
Iowa
12.03
11.63
3.4%
88%
23
Kansas
13.37
13.29
0.6%
98%
34
Kentucky
10.97
11.23
2.3%
81%
12
Louisiana
9.29
9.38
1.0%
68%
1
Maine
16.05
16.21
1.0%
118%
42
Maryland
13.35
14.31
6.7%
98%
33
Massachusetts
19.36
19.14
1.1%
142%
46
Michigan
15.24
15.37
0.8%
112%
40
Minnesota
12.92
13.07
1.1%
95%
32
Mississippi
11.44
10.96
4.4%
84%
18
Missouri
10.46
11.14
6.1%
77%
6
Montana
11.05
10.95
0.9%
81%
15
Nebraska
10.53
10.7
1.6%
77%
8
Nevada
12.89
11.79
9.3%
95%
31
New Hampshire
19.88
19.05
4.4%
146%
47
New Jersey
15.34
15.26
0.5%
113%
41
New Mexico
12.48
11.98
4.2%
92%
27
New York
17.81
17.73
0.5%
131%
43
North Carolina
11.02
11.11
0.8%
81%
14
North Dakota
9.69
10.26
5.6%
71%
2
Ohio
12.49
12.42
0.6%
92%
28
Oklahoma
10.76
9.54
12.8%
79%
10
Oregon
10.70
10.76
0.6%
79%
9
Pennsylvania
14.50
14.14
2.5%
107%
39
Rhode Island
20.48
18.14
12.9%
150%
48
South Carolina
12.70
12.75
0.4%
93%
30
South Dakota
11.60
11.74
1.2%
85%
19
Tennessee
10.87
11.05
1.6%
80%
11
Texas
11.40
11.10
2.7%
84%
17
Utah
10.52
10.67
1.4%
77%
7
Vermont
17.87
17.88
0.1%
131%
44
Virginia
11.67
11.45
1.9%
86%
20
Washington
9.73
9.60
1.4%
71%
3
West Virginia
11.67
11.73
0.5%
86%
20
Wisconsin
14.47
14.07
2.8%
106%
38
Wyoming
11.16
11.26
0.9%
82%
16
- Climate change - how does it happen?(greenhouse effect, carbon cycle, use of sun’s energy):
- Climate Change - Consequences - what could happen as a result of the changing climate?
https://climate.nasa.gov/effects/